Organ transplantation is an operation in which an organ is removed from the donor body and then placed in a recipient body to replace a damaged or missing organ. The donor and recipient may be in the same location, or organs from a donor located in a separate location may be transplanted to a recipient located elsewhere.

Organs or tissues to be transplanted can be taken from living bodies or cadavers. Transplantation medicine is one of the most challenging and complex fields of modern medicine. Organs that can be successfully transplanted today include the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine, thymus and uterus. When medical data are examined globally, it is known that the most commonly transplanted organs are kidneys, followed by liver and heart.